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Let’s get started with the procedure to take a screenshot of a web page using NodeJs.Following is the step by step and easy process which will make our work smooth with the help of Puppeteer, a Node JS web scrapping library. Puppeteer uses headless chrome browser for the scrapping process Which is one of its advantages. 1.Install […]

As we know that SSL stands for Secure Socket Layers and is a public key infrastructure that uses the RSA method of encryption and authentication via security certificates. It helps to establish a secure connection between the client and the server through the secure protocol HTTPS. It is a perfect choice for protecting sensitive information, […]

CSR file creation in Apache is a simple process. CSR (Certificate Signing Request) file contains a block of encoded text, which is given by the applicant to a certificate authority when applying for an SSL certificate. It is usually generated on the server where the certificate will be installed. It contains information that will be included […]

Creating a Chrome extension or converting your favorite website into a google chrome extension is a simple process. It is going to be fun, let’s get started. Following are the steps which will guide us to get our work done. Creating manifest.json Website to Chrome Extension Script Loading extension in Chrome   Creating manifest.json First of all, we […]

SSL certification is one of the common security feature of any web site. There are many certificate providers are available in the market, mostly all are paid service providers. But Certbot is one of the SSL certificate provider for free of cost. The following are the steps to create the free SSL certificate using cerbot […]

Following is the sample code for showing all form errors. It will be very useful for the developers when they are unable to track the errors. <table> <tr ng-repeat=”(key, errors) in form.$error track by $index”> <td><strong>{{ key }}</strong> errors <ul> <li ng-repeat=”err in errors”>{{ err.$name }} has an error: <strong>{{ key }}</strong>.</li> </ul> </td> </tr> </table>

ngPattern is one of the useful things for validation in AnjularJs. AnjularJs ngPattern adds pattern to ngmodel. It is mainly used in text-based form controls. The following are some of the sample patterns: Email <input type=”text” ng-model=”mail” name=”mail” ng-pattern=”/^([\w-]+(?:\.[\w-]+)*)@((?:[\w-]+\.)*\w[\w-]{0,66})\.([a-z]{2,6}(?:\.[a-z]{2})?)$/i” >   Phone <input type=”text” ng-model=”mobile” name=”mobile” ng-pattern=”/^(\+\91{1,2}[- ])\d{10}$/” />   Landline Phone <input type=”text” ng-model=”landLine” […]

REPL is one of the Nodejs features. It is an interactive program environment. REPL stands for Read, Eval, Print, Loop.REPL help us to do simple arithmetic calculations. In a REPL environment, a user can enter one or more expressions, which are evaluated and the result is displayed. The following are the components of REPL Read - […]

Laravel is one of the popular PHP frameworks now. There are many ways to install the laravel framework. But we will be discussing two of them, which are very easy and are widely used. Laravel Installer Composer Before starting the laravel setup process, make sure that your server meets the following requirements. PHP >= 5.6.4 OpenSSL […]

Laravel provides maintenance mode. If you enable Laravel Maintenance Mode, It will show a custom view to all your application requests. If you are updating your site or you want to put your application under maintenance means you can able to use this option.   Following is command to enable this mode php artisan down […]

Before starting the exact installation process, let us first understand what are preprocessors and how ‘less’ is useful in development. With this hope that we all know CSS, let us try to understand what do PreProcessor mean? In computers, we can say pre-processor means a program that takes an input and produces an output that in return can be used […]

Before diving into the procedure, how to install the gulp-sass, we have to make sure that we have installed gulp in our system. Let’s brush the gulp installation process. If you have not installed before,gulp have to make sure you install it globally first. Start by running,npm install -g gulp once that has completed we need to add […]

SASS stands for Syntactically Awesome Style Sheet. It is a CSS preprocessor language. SASS provides many features like variable, operator, mixin etc just like other programming language does. It reduces the CSS development time. Install The following are steps for the SASS set up in Linux Step 1: Install Ruby using apt package manager, rbenv, […]

Redirection is one of the important thing in WordPress. WordPress uses .htaccess file to do the redirection process. Windows server not consider .htaccess file. so redirection won’t happen and the site will show 404 page. But windows server considers web.config file for the redirection process. so we have to create and write our redirection rules […]

Directory setup is an important process in Laravel projects. Laravel lifecycle always starts from the file `public/index.php`. Azure deploys everything you push to it into the `wwwroot` directory. To change the project startup point in Azure, Follow the below steps Click your web service link. It will list all settings under your web service Go […]

The composer is an important package manager in PHP. It is mainly used with Laravel for package management. The composer can be easily installed on Azure via Its extension manager. Follow the below steps Click your web service link. It will list all settings under your web service. Go to `DEVELOPMENT TOOLS` and click `Extensions` […]

Azure provides an option to install the needed PHP version according to our project. To change PHP version in Azure, Follow the below steps Log in to Azure, and click your web service link. It will list all settings under your web service Go to `SETTINGS` and click `Application Settings` Link. It will list all […]

Before explaining what is LESS and how to install less, please make sure we know the HTML and CSS. Then only it will be useful and meaningful for you to know how using less makes our job easy. LESS is a CSS pre-processor that gives us the flexibility to write a customizable, manageable and reusable […]

What is SCSS SCSS is an advanced version of SASS, which stands for Syntactically Awesome Style Sheet. It is a CSS preprocessor language. SCSS provides many features like variable, operator, mixin etc just like other programming language does. It reduces the CSS development time to a large degree. How to install it with NPM (Node Package Manager) The […]

What is md file? md stands for Markdown. The .md and .markdown files are just text files written in Markdown syntax. To create a md file just save the text file with .md extension. we can use all the text editors to edit the md file. Markdown file is mainly used in GitHub. If you […]

Dear readers this article will give you a basic idea of the PHP programing language interview. We have discussed the basic and frequently asked questions with precise and short answers. After going through these questions you will be ready for an interview but I would recommend going through these questions and function mentioned in this article in a […]

Duro and Standstrom have mentioned about 10 principles of strategy, which are drawn from the military rule or warfare, but are equally applicable to business. These are given in the following: Set a goal and stick to it. Maintain good morale (good leadership is aprecondition for this). Accumulate forces. Act aggressively. Aim for surprise. Make […]

Lack of Strategic Management in companies leads to many problems. Some companies do not undertake strategic planning and management. Some other companies do strategic planning, but receive no support from managers and employees. In some other cases, managers and employees do not get enough support from the top management. A number of such and other […]

HR executives role is important for an organization. Managing people is one of the biggest challenges for a manager. Few of the reasons are: Individuals differ from each other in terms of their values, attitudes, beliefs, and culture. This leads to a very complex situation. The stimulating and motivational factors might not be the same […]

Human Resource Management History, There is a vast difference between modern Human Resource Management and the personnel management that was prevalent decades ago. By the end of the twentieth century, the managerial philosophy that had defined the personnel function had undergone radical changes. Over the past several years, scientific management approach and the human relations […]

One of the most useful definitions of Human Resource Management(HRM) is provided by Fisher, Schoendfelt and Shaw in their book “Human Resources Management,“ HRM involves all management decisions and practices that directly affect or influence the people or Human resources who work for the organization”.   The concept of human resources entails: Total knowledge Skills […]

In the project type organization, employees work for different projects in a team-like structure. Example for project type organization is construction companies. In construction companies, different teams work on different projects. In this structure teams are put together for a project. Each project is headed by a project leader. Each team will have employees to […]

Quality assurance means all the systematic and planned activities executed within the quality system give confidence that the project will meet the applicable quality standards. It also comprises the examination of data at stations and centres to validate that the data are in line with the quality system goals, and to identify errors so that […]

The common features of project management software are:   Data entry features This feature used to manage the following things Project data and calendar Human resources Human resources available Cost of materials Activity identifier Activity description Precedence relationship Data entry error   Graphics One of the important features of PM software is its ability to […]

Operations Research is defined as “The use of scientific methods to provide criteria for decisions regarding man, machine, and systems involving repetitive operations.”   Methodology of Operations Research Definition One needs to ensure that the problem is identified properly because this problem statement will indicate the following three major aspects: Description of the goal or […]

The following are Differences between PERT and CPM (PERT vs CPM):   PERT CPM It is an event-oriented network as in the analysis of a network, emphasis is given on the important stages of completion of a task rather than the activities required to be performed to reach a particular event or task. PERT is […]

The rural areas are where the markets of the future lie. Urban markets are becoming increasingly competitive and saturated for many products. On the other hand, rural markets offer growth opportunities for firms caught up in intensive battle in urban and metro markets. Marketing gurus describe rural markets as the market of the new millennium. […]

While organisational buying is best viewed as a decision process, the steps that make up the process differ across companies and products. Steps needed in a new task or modified re-buy decision may not be necessary in straight re-buy decisions. Over a period of time, each organisation evolves its own procedures for making purchase decisions. […]

Personal selling is an activity which involves a face-to-face interaction with the customers wherein there is a quick response and personal confrontation. This allows for more specific adjustment of the message. Here, the communication message can be adjusted as per the customer’s specific needs or wants. It offers you the opportunity to develop long-term familiarity […]

The following are some of the important strategies   Joint ventures A joint venture is a strategic alliance where two or more parties, usually businesses, form a partnership to share markets, intellectual property, assets, knowledge, and profits. A joint venture differs from a merger, in the sense that there is no transfer of ownership in […]

The traditional orientation of branding suggests that brand name is a part of the brand consisting of words or letters that form a means to identify and distinguish a firm’s offer. A brand mark is the symbol or pictorial diagram that helps in the identification of the product. There are generic brand names that have […]

A marketing mix can be referred to as a planned mix of the controllable elements of a product’s marketing plan, commonly termed as 4Ps: product, price, place, and promotion. These four elements are adjusted until the right combination that serves the needs of the customers, while generating optimum income for the company is found.   […]

Information systems (IS) and information technology (IT) are often considered synonymous. In reality, information technology is a subset of information systems. The perception that these terms can be used interchangeably can cause confusion for individuals interested in pursuing a technology-related career. Although both these fields deal with computers, they have distinct characteristics and specific career […]

The competitive strategy of a commercial firm is its long term competitive position, such as of being a low-cost player or a differentiator, which the firm adopts. A firm’s strategy is the set of activities it engages in as part of its long-term competitive goals. Strategies lead to operational goals and to tactics that the […]

Herbert Simon, the Nobel Prize winning researcher, showed that humans went through three essential stages in the act of problem solving. He called these the Intelligence, Design, and Choice stages. Decision making can also be considered as a type of problem solving. In the first stage, that of intelligence, they collect information about the issue […]

The following are those decision details   Liquidity decision: The liquidity decision is concerned with the management of the current assets, which is a pre-requisite to long-term success of any business firm. This is also called as working capital decision. The main objective of the current assets management is the trade-off between profitability and liquidity, […]

Risks in Capital Budgeting are from five different sources. They are:   Project-specific risk Project-specific risk could be traced to something quite specific to the project. Managerial deficiencies or error in estimation of cash flows or discount rate may lead to a situation of actual cash flows realised being less than the projected cash flow. […]

The Baumol model helps in determining the minimum amount of cash that a manager can obtain by converting securities into cash. Baumol model is an approach to establish a firm’s optimum cash balance under certainty. As such, firms attempt to minimise the sum of the cost of holding cash and the cost of converting marketable […]

The following are the structure of the Research Report   Preliminary Section This section mainly consists of identification information for the study conducted. It has the following individual elements Title page Letter of transmittal Letter of authorization Table of contents Executive summary Acknowledgements   Main Report This is the most significant and academically robust part […]

Grievances may occur for a number of reasons in an organizations. The following are some of the general reason for Causes of Grievance:   Economic Wage fixation, over time bonus, wage revision etc. Employees may feel that they are paid less when compared to others.   Work environment Poor physical conditions of workplace, tight production […]

Trend Analysis is a relatively straightforward quantitative demand forecasting technique that uses the historical relationship between the operational index (i.e. sales level) and the number of employees required by the organization (demand for labour) to forecast future requirements.   Steps involved in an effective index/trend analysis are: Select the appropriate business/operational index - The HR […]

Delphi Technique is a carefully designed program of sequential, individual interrogations interspersed with information feedback on the opinions expressed by the other participants in previous rounds.   The following are steps associated with this technique: Define and refine the issue or question The group targeted for forecasting must be well defined so relevant, focused and […]

The following are the guidelines for the effective report writing   Clear report mandate: While writing the research problem statement and study background, the writer needs to be absolutely clear in terms of why and how the problem was formulated.   Clearly designed methodology: Any research study has its unique orientation and scope and thus […]

As the name implies, the objective of descriptive research studies is to provide a comprehensive and detailed explanation of the phenomena under study. The intended objective might be to give a detailed sketch or profile of the respondent population being studied. For example, to design an advertising and sales promotion campaign for high-end watches, a […]

Different scholars have interpreted the term ‘research’ in many ways.   For instance, Fred Kerlinger (1986) stated that ‘Scientific research is a systematic, controlled and critical investigation of propositions about various phenomena.’ Grinnell (1993) has simplified the debate and stated ‘The word research is composed of two syllables, ‘re’ and ‘search’.   The following are […]

Project organisation is one of the most crucial parts of project planning. It is a structure that is designed for the successful execution of a project. It provides a complete framework for a project and ensures that the project is arranged in a manageable structure. In project organisation, the complexity of a project is structured […]

Project management has a number of advantages. It allows the following:   Aligns the project with the strategic goals of the organization Reduces the project cost by effective planning and management of resources Focuses on performance of the workforce by providing them training Increases the project success ratio Ensures that the pre-stated objectives are achieved […]

The following are phases of project life cycle   Initiation This is the first phase of project life cycle. In this stage, a project charter, which is also called the project statement, is defined. This statement provides the project idea, outlines the project objectives, identifies the project manager and stakeholders, and defines the role and […]

Road and dam construction projects may not generate high returns, but have a social impact. In CBA, the total cost and expected returns of a project are estimated in monetary terms. The CBA approach involves the estimation of cost incurred on raw materials, labour, rents and acquiring land. It does not consider the environmental aspect […]

Multiple contracts are available for procuring products and services by an organisation. The contracts to be used while procuring products and services are based on the marketplace, the type of project, and the nature of products or services. These contracts can be categorized into the following types Fixed-Price Contracts Cost Reimbursable Contracts Unit Price Contracts […]

The purpose of project evaluation is to measure the “success” of a project. Accordingly, projects are evaluated on the basis of the indicators of success or failure such as profitability, competency, efficiency and future prospect. The success of a project has been defined by different researchers through some models. One of such models was proposed […]

The importance of operational feasibility is highlighted in the following points.   Helps in assessing the capability of the project in fulfilling the desired organizational goal Helps in analyzing and tackling any resistance from management, team, and individuals Helps in evaluating the probable impact of the project on the environment Assists in proper implementation of […]

Cost of quality indicates the sum of conformance cost and non-conformance cost. Conformance means delivering products that meet the quality requirement of the customer; whereas, non-conformance indicate the products that are rejected for not complying with the quality norms of the customer.   Types of costs of quality associated with a project There are various […]

According to John Rakos “The success of any project is crucially dependent on the documents produced for it.” It is very essential for any project manager to keep proper documentation for the project for effective management. These documents help to know the various aspects of the project whenever needed during the life of the project. […]

In an off take contract, there is an agreement between the project company and the buyer. It is negotiated much before the construction of the facility in order to make the market secure for the future output of the facility. This contract provides the project company stable and sufficient revenue which helps in paying its […]

The following are basic project resources   Manpower It refers to a set of individuals (employees) having specified skills, knowledge, and expertise to carry out different project activities.   Materials Raw materials are vital for any project. Not only manufacturing and construction projects highly depend on materials but also office or service projects rely on […]

BOOT Projects model is beneficial for certain projects, there are many risks and problems associated with it and may act as a constraint in the implementation of these projects. The main problems associated with BOOT projects are as follows: There may be many reasons for this. One of those reasons may be unavailability of experienced […]

PPP stands for Public Private Partnership. The following are different types of PPP:   Management contracts It is a type of PPP in which the public sector enters into an agreement with the private sector for managing a whole or a part of a public enterprise. In such a contract, the ownership is retained by […]

During the execution of a project, a project manager faces several issues that may impact the project significantly. An issue is a problem, gap, inconsistency or conflict that may arise unexpectedly during a project. These issues may be related to team members, suppliers, distributers, technical failures, resource handling, material shortages, etc. It is very important […]

Collective bargaining develops employees’ responsibility towards the society and limits exploitation of labor during project operations. It can be of four types   Distributive bargaining It is a type of bargaining where both the parties stress on supporting their own benefits. Distributive bargaining involves less flexibility and understanding between the parties because it priorities the […]

Modern methods are the most widely used performance measurement techniques. The following are some of the important modern methods of performance management.   Human resource accounting This method aims to assess the effectiveness of Human Resource Management (HRM) activities and tries to value manpower as assets and not as expenses. In terms of productivity, this […]

The impact of a conflict can be judged by the performance or end result of the individual or team. If a conflict enhances the performance, then it should be stimulated but if a conflict hampers the performance, then it should be controlled. The managers need to keep a check on the level of conflict and […]

Strategy evaluation can also be a sensitive process because of the human factor involved. Too much or too rigorous evaluation and control may be expensive and, sometimes counterproductive also—authority and flexibility may be challenged, minimized or even eliminated. Too little or no evaluation may create the opposite effect—lack of responsibility and accountability. In some companies, […]

Corporate turnaround may be defined as organizational recovery from business decline or crisis. Business decline for a company means continuous fall in turnover or revenue, eroding profit, or accrual or accumulation of losses. So, business or organizational decline, like business performance, is understood in relative terms, that are, compared with the past. But, some strategy […]

Sometimes, ‘mission’ and ‘vision’ of a company are used synonymously or interchangeably. This is not correct. A clear distinction exists between the two.   Mission Vision Mission is concerned more with the present. The mission statement answers the question: ‘What is our business?’. The mission statement focuses on the present strategic thrust The vision more […]

The mission statement should be as explicit or comprehensive as possible. Some feel that the mission statement should have seven dimensions or serve seven different purposes or objectives. The following are those objectives: To ensure unanimity of purposes within the organization To develop a basis or standard for allocating organizational resources To provide a basis […]